See saum on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "wajib saum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "nathr saum"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"صَوْم",
"صوم#Arabic"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "ar:صَوْم<t:fasting>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"fasting\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Arabic\", \"term\" : \"صَوْم\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ar\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"saum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"saum\">\nBorrowed from Arabic صَوْم (ṣawm, “fasting”).",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "ar:صَوْم<t:fasting>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Arabic صَوْم (ṣawm, “fasting”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Arabic صَوْم (ṣawm, “fasting”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sawm",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "saum",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Islam",
"orig": "en:Islam",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 9 34 2 12 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 6 26 24 1 3 2 11 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 7 34 2 16 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ramadan",
"orig": "en:Ramadan",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fasting; one of the five pillars of Islam"
],
"id": "en-saum-en-noun-GAV9tBFj",
"links": [
[
"fasting",
"fasting"
],
[
"five pillars",
"five pillars"
],
[
"Islam",
"Islam"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Islam) fasting; one of the five pillars of Islam"
],
"topics": [
"Islam",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ecology",
"orig": "en:Ecology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A herbaceous border found at the edge of a woodland patch. It is usually found below and farther out from the woodland than the woody shrub mantel and the tree canopy."
],
"id": "en-saum-en-noun-ApOWanT6",
"links": [
[
"ecology",
"ecology"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ecology) A herbaceous border found at the edge of a woodland patch. It is usually found below and farther out from the woodland than the woody shrub mantel and the tree canopy."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"ecology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "saum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "saum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "27 6 36 23 1 5 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 6 26 24 1 3 2 11 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "saumur"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indefinite accusative singular of saumur"
],
"id": "en-saum-is-noun-1o-xjlJw",
"links": [
[
"saumur",
"saumur#Icelandic"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "saum"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"صَوْم",
"صوم#Arabic"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": ":der",
"3": "ar:صَوْم<t:fasting>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"fasting\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Arabic\", \"term\" : \"صَوْم\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ar\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Indonesian\", \"term\" : \"saum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"id\" }\" data-lang=\"id\" data-title=\"saum\">\nDerived from Arabic صَوْم (ṣawm, “fasting”).",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": ":der",
"3": "ar:صَوْم<t:fasting>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Derived from Arabic صَوْم (ṣawm, “fasting”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from Arabic صَوْم (ṣawm, “fasting”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bersaum",
"tags": [
"active"
]
},
{
"form": "saum",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "verb",
"3": "active",
"4": "bersaum",
"5": "imperative",
"6": "saum",
"7": "emphatic-jussive",
"8": "saumlah"
},
"expansion": "saum (active bersaum, imperative saum, emphatic-jussive saumlah)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"saum"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"saum"
]
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to fast"
],
"id": "en-saum-id-verb-l1vlKRE3",
"links": [
[
"fast",
"fast"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsaum/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsa.ʊm]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aum"
}
],
"word": "saum"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"صَوْم",
"صوم#Arabic"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": ":der",
"3": "ar:صَوْم<t:fasting>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"fasting\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Arabic\", \"term\" : \"صَوْم\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ar\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Indonesian\", \"term\" : \"saum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"id\" }\" data-lang=\"id\" data-title=\"saum\">\nDerived from Arabic صَوْم (ṣawm, “fasting”).",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": ":der",
"3": "ar:صَوْم<t:fasting>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Derived from Arabic صَوْم (ṣawm, “fasting”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from Arabic صَوْم (ṣawm, “fasting”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "saum-saum",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "saum (plural saum-saum)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"saum"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"saum"
]
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "id",
"name": "Islam",
"orig": "id:Islam",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "39 9 34 2 12 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 6 26 24 1 3 2 11 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 7 34 2 16 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bersaum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"saum: one of the five pillars of Islam"
],
"id": "en-saum-id-noun-V0QS8BNL",
"links": [
[
"saum",
"saum#English"
],
[
"five pillars",
"five pillars"
],
[
"Islam",
"Islam"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Islam) saum: one of the five pillars of Islam"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "puasa"
}
],
"topics": [
"Islam",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsaum/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsa.ʊm]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aum"
}
],
"word": "saum"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"saumr",
"saumr#Old_Norse"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "saumr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse saumr",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse saumr.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "saumen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "saumar",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "saumane",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "saum m (definite singular saumen, indefinite plural saumar, definite plural saumane)",
"name": "nn-noun-m1"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Bokmål"
],
"word": "søm"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"seam"
],
"id": "en-saum-nn-noun-AOmHEo3-",
"links": [
[
"seam",
"seam"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the act of seaming"
],
"id": "en-saum-nn-noun-ntEDJBD3",
"links": [
[
"seaming",
"seam#Verb"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "saum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "saumijan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "seam"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "seam"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "seme"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "sem"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "seam"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "seam"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "seme"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "ceem"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "seam"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "seam"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "seme"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "ceme"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "seam"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "seam"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "seme"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "seem"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "seam"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "seam"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "seme"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "seme"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "seam"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "seam"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "seme"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "seyme"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "sēam"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "Soom"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "seam"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "sām"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Soom"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"word": "Soom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "sôm"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "sōm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "soom"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "zoom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "sôom"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "sōm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "soom"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "zoom"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "sôom"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*soum"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Saum"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "Sam"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "soum"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "soum"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*saumaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/saumaz"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "gem-pro:*saumaz",
"id": "stitch"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*syewH-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*saumaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*saum\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }\" data-id=\"stitch\" data-lang=\"gmw-pro\" data-title=\"*saum\" id=\"Proto-West_Germanic:_stitch\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*saumaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *saumaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "gem-pro:*saumaz",
"id": "stitch"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *saumaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "saum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sauma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "saumōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "saum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sauma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "saumā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "saumas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "saumō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "saumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "saumum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "saumu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "saumum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*saum m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/saum",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 9 34 2 12 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 6 26 24 1 3 2 11 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 7 34 2 16 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stitch, seam, hem, edge"
],
"id": "en-saum-gmw-pro-noun-deiu-OOA",
"links": [
[
"stitch",
"stitch"
],
[
"seam",
"seam"
],
[
"hem",
"hem"
],
[
"edge",
"edge"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "saum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "saumijan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "saumahross"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Old-English"
],
"word": "sēompenig"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"German"
],
"word": "Saumpfennig"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "saumapanning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "saumasadul"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "saumārī"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "Middle Low German",
"word": "sômpenninc"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "Middle Low German",
"word": "sômpennink"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "Old Saxon",
"word": "sōmpenning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "Old High German",
"word": "soumpfenning"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "seam"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "sem"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "seam"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "ceme"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "seam"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "seem"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "seam"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "seme"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "seam"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"Early Middle English"
],
"word": "sæm"
},
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "bag",
"word": "ofersēam"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "sēam"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "seam"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "sem"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "seam"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "ceme"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "seam"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "seem"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "seam"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "seme"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "seam"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"Early Middle English"
],
"word": "sæm"
},
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "bag",
"word": "ofersēam"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "sēom"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "sôm"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "sôme"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "zoem"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "sōm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Saum"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "soum"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Saum"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "sôm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "parcel",
"word": "gisoumilīn"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "luggage",
"word": "gisoumi"
},
{
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "harness; provisions case",
"word": "soumgiziugi"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "soum"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Saum"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "soum"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Saum"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "sôm"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "parcel",
"word": "gisoumilīn"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "luggage",
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},
{
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "harness; provisions case",
"word": "soumgiziugi"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "sogma"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"sauma",
"sauma#Latin"
],
[
"sagma",
"sagma#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "la-lat:sauma<ety:inh<la:sagma>>",
"id": "load"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"σάττω\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-mn̥\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-mə\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-μα\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"σάγμα\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"sagma\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"sauma\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*saum\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }\" data-id=\"load\" data-lang=\"gmw-pro\" data-title=\"*saum\" id=\"Proto-West_Germanic:_load\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "sauma"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin sauma",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "sagma",
"t": "packsaddle"
},
"expansion": "Latin sagma (“packsaddle”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "la-lat:sauma<ety:inh<la:sagma>>",
"id": "load"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin sauma, from Latin sagma (“packsaddle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "saum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sauma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "saumōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "saum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sauma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "saumā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "saumas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "saumō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "saumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "saumum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "saumu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "saumum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*saum m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/saum",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a load, burden"
],
"id": "en-saum-gmw-pro-noun-gNWO26OU",
"links": [
[
"load",
"load"
],
[
"burden",
"burden"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*burþini"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"packsaddle"
],
"id": "en-saum-gmw-pro-noun-gmw_pro:packsaddle",
"links": [
[
"packsaddle",
"packsaddle"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gmw-pro:packsaddle"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*saumasadul"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "saum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries referencing missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with unknown or uncertain plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Arabic",
"English terms derived from Arabic",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"en:Ramadan"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "wajib saum"
},
{
"word": "nathr saum"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"صَوْم",
"صوم#Arabic"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
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"2": ":bor",
"3": "ar:صَوْم<t:fasting>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"fasting\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Arabic\", \"term\" : \"صَوْم\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ar\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"saum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"saum\">\nBorrowed from Arabic صَوْم (ṣawm, “fasting”).",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "ar:صَوْم<t:fasting>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Arabic صَوْم (ṣawm, “fasting”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Arabic صَوْم (ṣawm, “fasting”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sawm",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "saum",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Islam"
],
"glosses": [
"fasting; one of the five pillars of Islam"
],
"links": [
[
"fasting",
"fasting"
],
[
"five pillars",
"five pillars"
],
[
"Islam",
"Islam"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Islam) fasting; one of the five pillars of Islam"
],
"topics": [
"Islam",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Ecology"
],
"glosses": [
"A herbaceous border found at the edge of a woodland patch. It is usually found below and farther out from the woodland than the woody shrub mantel and the tree canopy."
],
"links": [
[
"ecology",
"ecology"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ecology) A herbaceous border found at the edge of a woodland patch. It is usually found below and farther out from the woodland than the woody shrub mantel and the tree canopy."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"ecology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "saum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "saum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"Icelandic non-lemma forms",
"Icelandic noun forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "saumur"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indefinite accusative singular of saumur"
],
"links": [
[
"saumur",
"saumur#Icelandic"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "saum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian 2-syllable words",
"Indonesian entries referencing missing etymons",
"Indonesian entries with etymology texts",
"Indonesian entries with etymon",
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian terms derived from Arabic",
"Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Indonesian verbs",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/aum",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/aum/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"صَوْم",
"صوم#Arabic"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": ":der",
"3": "ar:صَوْم<t:fasting>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"fasting\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Arabic\", \"term\" : \"صَوْم\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ar\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Indonesian\", \"term\" : \"saum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"id\" }\" data-lang=\"id\" data-title=\"saum\">\nDerived from Arabic صَوْم (ṣawm, “fasting”).",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": ":der",
"3": "ar:صَوْم<t:fasting>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Derived from Arabic صَوْم (ṣawm, “fasting”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from Arabic صَوْم (ṣawm, “fasting”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bersaum",
"tags": [
"active"
]
},
{
"form": "saum",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "verb",
"3": "active",
"4": "bersaum",
"5": "imperative",
"6": "saum",
"7": "emphatic-jussive",
"8": "saumlah"
},
"expansion": "saum (active bersaum, imperative saum, emphatic-jussive saumlah)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"saum"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"saum"
]
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to fast"
],
"links": [
[
"fast",
"fast"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsaum/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsa.ʊm]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aum"
}
],
"word": "saum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian 2-syllable words",
"Indonesian entries referencing missing etymons",
"Indonesian entries with etymology texts",
"Indonesian entries with etymon",
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian terms derived from Arabic",
"Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Indonesian verbs",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/aum",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/aum/2 syllables"
],
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"seam#Verb"
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"derived": [
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"3": "la-lat:sauma<ety:inh<la:sagma>>",
"id": "load"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"σάττω\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-mn̥\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-mə\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-μα\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"σάγμα\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"sagma\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"sauma\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*saum\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }\" data-id=\"load\" data-lang=\"gmw-pro\" data-title=\"*saum\" id=\"Proto-West_Germanic:_load\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "sauma"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin sauma",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "sagma",
"t": "packsaddle"
},
"expansion": "Latin sagma (“packsaddle”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "la-lat:sauma<ety:inh<la:sagma>>",
"id": "load"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin sauma, from Latin sagma (“packsaddle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "saum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sauma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "saumōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "saum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sauma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "saumā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "saumas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "saumō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "saumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "saumum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "saumu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "saumum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*saum m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/saum",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a load, burden"
],
"links": [
[
"load",
"load"
],
[
"burden",
"burden"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*burþini"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Horse tack"
],
"glosses": [
"packsaddle"
],
"links": [
[
"packsaddle",
"packsaddle"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gmw-pro:packsaddle"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*saumasadul"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "saum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for saum meaning in All languages combined (24.4kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: emphatic-jussive saumlah",
"path": [
"saum"
],
"section": "Indonesian",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "saum",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (19f9a30 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.